Post-operative Pain in Pigs for translational studies
Rodents have been the model of choice for the development of new treatments for acute pain, however, several limitations exist. Rodents are not useful for assessing topical and localized treatments, the anatomy of the skin differs from human skin, and healing occurs by wound contraction. Since pigs share similarities with human skin and heal by epidermal cell migration, MD Biosciences Neuro has characterized multiple porcine models for post-operative pain (POP).
Pig POP Models
We've discussed the benefits of the pig as a translational model. Specifically in the POP model, programs benefit in the following ways:
- Reproducibility
- Mimics human condition
- Monitoring of PK/PD
- Routes and volumes of administration relevant to humans
- Understanding of safety/PD/PK using the same animals
MD Biosciences has validated and published several pig models for post-operative pain:
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Flank Incisional Model
The flank incisional model is an ideal model for evaluating local and topical therapeutics. The procedure involves either a full skin incision or an incision involving the skin and muscle. The incision is then closed continuous suture using 3-0 silk thread.
Procedure Options:
- Full Skin
- Skin and Muscle
Measurements:
- Von Frey
- Behavior Score
- Approaching Time
- Open Field Assay
Additional Options:
- PK
- Safety
- Mode of Action
- Incision healing
Data: Similarity in synergistic effect of NSAIDs and Local Analgesics in Human and Pigs.
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Leg Incision Model
The leg incision model (also referred to as the modified POP) is a more sensitive POP model that allows the assessment of nerve blocks using perineural injection, epidural/intrathecal injections, or DRG injections.
Measurements
- Behavior Score
- Approaching Time
- Open Field
- Electrophysiology
Additional Options
- PK
- Safety
- Incision healing
Data: Von Frey assay in the leg incision (modified POP) comparing Exparel, Marcain, Naropin
Assessments
MD Biosciences incorporates a range of in vivo measures and endpoint assessments that provide a robust data package that enable researchers to make critical decisions.
Behavior
Pain behavior tests assess the response to various pain stimuli.
Biomarkers
Evaluate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers from CSF samples.
Histology
IHC and histological staining to evaluate inflammatory markers in the paw skin.
Electrophysiology
Evaluate spontaneous nerve firing using in vivo electrophysiology.
Scientific Data
In a study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Marcain and Exparel in the pig POP model. In additional to traditional pain assessments, we evaluate the locomotor activity of the animals. Data show open field post application in the pig POP model.
Review the complete dataset.
Post-operative Pain Datasheet
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